Question: How to choose the most suitable program of autocrediting and on what to pay attention? For improbably short term the autocrediting market has made huge jump. It was first shaken, of course, but then events have started to develop with kaleidoscopical speed. Now joint efforts of banks and motor shows have led to that practically each capable person can pick up for itself the credit program proceeding from personal circumstances, requirements and starting possibilities. The above level of requirements, but simultaneously more low level of starting possibilities, the more expensively the credit. Any service has the price. Let's try list the basic groups of programs of automobile crediting. The potential borrower should choose from this, that it most of all interests. The minimum interest rate. The aspiration to receive whenever possible cheaper credit is insuperable. Considering it, banks and motor shows besides standard conditions of crediting often enough develop joint programs льготирования interest rates, in certain cases declaring the so-called free/interest-free credit. The minimum monthly payment. Except the credit and interest rate sum serious influence on size of payments which the borrower is obliged to bring monthly in the account of repayment of debts, has crediting term. The more this term, the is less size of monthly payment. The minimum initial payment. Today crediting for 90-100 % of cost of the car is included actually into the list of standard offers. That is the person who does not have in general any accumulation, but is the stable income, can apply for purchase of the good car. The minimum package of documents. In the course of evolution of the autocredit the list of necessary documents which the potential borrower and so became compact enough should give to bank. However at desire it is possible to receive the credit, having shown only the passport and the driver's licence. The minimum term of registration of the credit. At desire it is possible to issue relations with bank within several hours. Last group of credit offers is strongly crossed with previous (with the minimum package of documents). Once again we will repeat: any service has the price. And banks appoint it first of all depending on level of so-called hypothetical risk. The above this level, the above credit cost. In this case all some parametres also vary. Banks consider, that the hypothetical risk decreases, if procedure of check of the potential borrower is spent more carefully and, accordingly, occupies more time. Risks of an express estimation of the borrower are compensated by the raised payment for the credit. Banks are assured, that the given risk decreases, if the borrower is capable to pay independently an essential share of cost of the got car. For this reason reduction of the size of an initial payment (up to its full absence) is compensated by the raised payment for the credit. Banks consider, that the hypothetical risk decreases and at reduction of term of crediting. Term Is supposed, that the more, the it is less than confidence that position of the borrower in the future will not worsen to such degree that it cannot pay off under the obligations. To regulate degree of this risk banks try or at the expense of increase of level of a necessary initial payment, or at the expense of some increase in the interest rate. Banks are convinced, that the risk also decreases, if the borrower is capable to confirm sources of the incomes officially. The importance of this parametre all time decreases – up to that in some cases of a condition for borrowers with "white" and "grey" incomes are identical. However, in a considerable part of banks of a condition for borrowers with the official salary nevertheless more favourable. Let's repeat: varying the parametres listed above, banks and motor shows are ready to satisfy practically any potential borrower. Let's consider more in detail feature of various types of programs. Under the preferential rate To understand a situation with льготированием the interest rate in automobile crediting, it is necessary to understand at first with some features of our tax laws. The matter is that, according to article 212 of chapter 23 of the Tax code if the currency credit is received under the rate less than 9 % annual, and rouble – under the rate 3/4 rates of refinancing of the Central Bank (now it is 10 % х 3/4 = 7,5 % annual) there are less, so-called material benefit is formed. From this benefit the borrower should pay the tax under the rate of 35 % (if the credit has not been directed on habitation purchase). Therefore from purely practical point of view banks are not ready to lower at present the rate more low 9 and 7,5 % annual (in currency and roubles accordingly). Whence undertake preferential interest rates – all these 7, 5, 3 and even 0 % annual? The secret in it any is not present. In the contract with the borrower the "correct" interest rate – not less than 9 % annual accurately is underlined. The difference between "correct" and "preferential" interest rates becomes covered by a motor show or a motor-car manufacturer in the form of the discount. What features of preferential autocredits? First of all in market conditions nobody is engaged in charity. If there is a preferential rate, means, a motor-car manufacturer or a motor show are interested in stimulation of sales. As at a correct choice of parametres this stimulation manages cheaply enough. About what parametres there is a speech? First of all about the size of the credit and its term. Than more borrower brings the money and the more shortly crediting term, the it is less than means to the autodealer or the manufacturer it is necessary to compensate to bank. For this reason preferential rates of crediting assume the raised initial payment from own means (at level of 40-50 % from car cost) and in most cases "truncated" term of the credit (we will tell, year). What sums the seller of cars renounces? Let's consider a concrete example. We will assume, that car cost on which probably to receive the interest-free credit, – 15 thousand dollars (the budgetary foreign car). Program conditions «the Credit under 0 %» assume an initial payment – 50 % from cost авто and credit term – 1 year. Thus, the credit sum will make 7,5 thousand dollars (in the contract with the borrower, naturally, it is underlined the rate of 9 % annual). And so, in this case the autodealer should give the discount in 480 dollars to compensate bank percent. And what, if the credit stands out not under 0 % annual, and under 5 % (on the same conditions)? Then the autodealer will need to compensate all about 220 dollars. And what, if credit term to increase till three years? Then the size of necessary indemnification at the declared rate in 5 % of the annual will make already about 495 dollars. At the rate of 7 % – 250 dollars. Now we will reduce a necessary initial payment with 50 to 30 % from cost авто, and last conditions (the rate – 7 %, term – three years) we will leave former. Then the dealer should compensate about 350 dollars. In general, the wide field suffices for creativity. Dealers and motor-car manufacturers really renounce these sums, or it is necessary to search for any dirty trick? In practice happens both so, and so. For example, the purpose of the organisation of the program «the Credit under 0 %» can be not so much delivery of similar credits, how many attention attraction to concrete model or the autodealer. Potential buyers, having bought on "freebie" in advertisements, show heightened interest, but not all can far master that «the interest-free credit» (or not an initial payment in 50 %, or not possibility to bring raised because of the short period of crediting monthly payments). The dealer in the given situation loses nothing: in many cases it appears more cheaply льготировать the interest rate, rather than to do any special gifts to buyers of cars for stimulation of sales. Updating described above a situation is possible also. Besides enough severe constraints of preferential crediting the autodealer, being covered with a name of bank or the insurance company, can insist on installation of additional protection frames (certain model of expensive alarm system, mechanical anticreeping system, etc.). In this case the part or all sum of indemnification of the interest rate "beats off" for the account допоборудования. «Ненапряжные» payments For many borrowers the major condition of reception of the credit is not its final cost, and «ненапряжность» payments. That is at other equal they will prefer to pay every month less though this pleasure and will manage more expensively. (Sometimes it not whim, and necessity: the confirmed incomes suffices only on small monthly payments) For such clients banks offer minimisation of the size of payments through increase in term of the credit (till five years). It is necessary to remember, that the increase in term of the credit always increases its final cost even if the rate remains invariable (simply because debt "body" decreases more slowly so, percent it is charged more). For an illustration of this thesis we result the table "And". Besides the "long" credit for the purpose of minimisation of the size of monthly payments it is possible to take advantage and the so-called credit with the return repayment, similar offers already win popularity in the Russian capitals. In brief the sense of the offer is reduced to the following. In the contract between bank, the borrower and the dealer the sum on which the salon undertakes to redeem the car upon termination of credit term registers. For example, makes a reservation, that after three years the car гарантированно will be redeemed for 30 % from its initial cost. And this payment will go to the account of repayment of debts against bank. At purchase of the car the borrower brings from the means certain percent of cost авто (we will tell, 30 %), the credit is made out on the remained cost (70 %). But 30 % as we remember, will be paid by the autodealer upon termination of credit term. It turns out, that in our example the buyer should pay only 40 % of cost of the car so, the size of periodic payments will be less burdensome. It is considered, that the given scheme approaches for acquisition of the car of higher class as allows to do without increase in volume of monthly payments. The main nuance consists that percent will be charged for the full sum of the credit, instead of for the paid. However, the credit with the return repayment – business new and consequently still there are certain questions. For example, how calculation with the buyer if after the expiry of the term of the credit the car actually costs more than the stipulated guaranteed sum of the repayment, for example not 30 % of initial cost, and 60 will be made? Whether this difference begins to be set off at purchase of the new car at the same dealer? Autodealers speak: «It is planned and to do». As procedure will look actually, we will understand, when the scheme in large quantities will earn in practice. Without initial investments Now we will consider more in detail credits with a zero initial payment. From the practical point of view they are interesting to who does not have accumulation, and there is an insuperable desire to buy the good car. What is a payment for similar service? Simple arithmetics prompts, what even under identical conditions of crediting (that is equal interest rates) the addressee of the credit with a zero initial payment will pay more addressee of the credit which has been given out on standard conditions. As we remember, percent on the credit are charged on the debts rest. If the borrower has not paid rouble from personal savings, it means, that credit "body" has increased also percent are charged for the big sums. It is time.
Secondly, conditions on credits with an initial payment and without this nevertheless differ. If to take the minimum size of an advance payment of 20 % from car cost the annual interest rate in this case will appear on 1-3 % below the rate under the credit with a zero initial payment (depending on bank, term of the credit and degree of "whiteness" of incomes). We will try to illustrate a difference on figures (Would see the table). From the previous reasonings one more conclusion follows. Because of increase in "body" of the credit with an initial payment of 0 % and the raised percentage payments the size of monthly payment as we see, also appears above. And it means, that the borrower will need to show больший the size of incomes in comparison with standard conditions of crediting (after all, as a rule, the size of payment under the credit should not exceed 40-50 % from the declared monthly income). So may be, that the credit with a zero initial payment to receive it will not be possible because of insufficient size of incomes and it is necessary to save up the initial capital. Quickly Credits with the minimum set of documents and for registrations (so-called express credits), obviously, the most expensive. Moreover, the least logical for the people having issued relations with the employer (the labour contract or the work record card). It is difficult to present a situation when unique desire of the client of a motor show – faster to leave on the new car, not reckoning with expenses. All the same the car is not a pizza and not a hen-grill, on speed of purchase and which delivery depends, there will be a meal hot or already cooled down. What it is necessary to consider, considering possibility of reception of the automobile express credit? First of all that fact, that, unlike other types of crediting for purchase авто, "express train" besides the raised annual interest rate (on 0,5-5 % above standard conditions) can mean also monthly payment of the commission in 0,4-0,5 % from the credit sum. Presence of the similar commission predetermines that fact, that the express credit actually stands out under the rate equivalent approximately of 20 % annual in currency and more (what thus has been written in the bank offer). And if (about one year) the express credit is more expensive than the standard credit to small terms of crediting only on some hundreds dollars with increase in term of crediting the size of an overpayment is measured already by thousand dollars. For example, at reception of the standard credit in 5 thousand dollars for a year under 9 % annual the sum of the percent paid to bank will make about 295 dollars. If to take for the same year the same of 5 thousand on conditions of the express credit of hypothetical bank (11,4 % annual + from the credit sum monthly), it is necessary to pay 0,4 % already about 555 dollars, that is almost twice it is more. If crediting term to increase till three years, the parity of total payments of percent to bank will make approximately 726 dollars on standard conditions against 1645 dollars under the express credit (in 2,3 times more). At increase not only terms, but also the sums of crediting the difference is evident even more strongly. Efim Smurnov,
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